There are a variety of irrigation systems. Some are simple while others require a significant amount of maintenance and equipment.

This system makes use of pumping stations, ditches gates and canals to increase and distribute water evenly across the fields. This is the most expensive kind of irrigation system.

Surface Irrigation

Surface irrigation is one of the most common systems of water supply. It is simple to use, requires little capital and doesn’t require any advanced understanding and can be used for land with a slope. This is the most energy-efficient method of irrigating sloping fields because it utilizes gravity to transfer bec tuoi phun mua water across the field, thereby saving on power costs. It is difficult to manage and could cause fields to be overflowing for prolonged periods of time.

Three kinds of surface irrigation are distinguished as basin irrigation border irrigation, furrow and basin irrigation. The most popular type of surface irrigation is called basin irrigation, which consists of flat diked regions which allow for undirected surface water flow. The systems can be built in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate various cropping patterns and soil conditions. These systems can be modified to incorporate corrugated surfaces as well as sand-filled sand trenches in order to enhance soil quality.

Another benefit for these systems is the ease of maintenance. The lateral pipes of the furrow or basin system can be easily examined and cleaned. They can be flushed in order to prevent them from being plugged by salts or other sediment. This is a major advantage over drip irrigation in which the lateral pipes must be dug underground. This makes them more difficult to maintain and inspect.

Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation is a low pressure method that drips water directly to the plants. It’s an extremely efficient way to water since the water goes straight to the plant’s roots. This is a good system for soils with sandy soils since it spreads water across an area larger that surface irrigation. Drip irrigation can be used in residential landscape plantings as well as commercial vegetable row crop production.

The system is comprised of a pump that draws water from a source, and then releases it at the appropriate pressure to a pipe network that transports the water to the field. (See the diagram below). A settling pond might be needed in some instances. It is crucial that the pump is correctly sized to avoid damaging to plants and soils. Filters are used to remove weed seeds as well as fertilizer residues and chemical that are dissolved in water, which might precipitate. (For example calcium, iron and magnesium). An injection unit for chemical that injects a predetermined quantity of herbicide, insecticide and fungicide into irrigation water at each irrigation cycle is also included.

The distribution system made up of PVC pipes that transport water to the field. Pipes vary in diameter and thickness. Some PVC pipe can be bent easily, while others are stiff and have a smooth bore. The emitters (nozzles) are positioned across the length of pipe and are selected depending on the needs of the crop and soil conditions. Certain nozzles are compensated for pressure, ensuring a consistent flow over the operating pressures and elevations.

Sprinkler irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation mimics rain by evenly spraying water droplets across the soil’s surface. This type of irrigation is a great option for a variety of crops, such as fruits and vegetables. This type of irrigation can provide a lush, green landscape which is nearly hands-free.

Like all irrigation methods, sprinkler systems have advantages and disadvantages depending on the terrain of the area. Certain systems are only effective in specific areas and some can be very expensive.

A center pivot irrigation system is among of the most commonly employed systems. It is made up of a number of towers that move and rotate in a circle to irrigate crops in a circular form. The rotation and movement of the towers are controlled by the central control unit. Operators can make use of a mobile phone or satellite radio to talk with the machine remotely and monitor the machine’s operation.

They’re like center pivots but they’re designed to be able to irrigate rectangle fields. These systems are labor intensive through the season but will have lower costs over the long term.

Solid-set systems are designed for turf, landscape and permanent crops. Low-cost and uniform, they promote healthy growth and high yield. They can be utilized together with fertilizers to create an application that includes water and nutrients, referred to as fertigation. This will enhance the absorption of nutrients.

Irrigation methods

The artificial process of irrigation is to sprinkle water onto it to maintain a uniform moisture level. This is done by different methods like spraying, tubes, and pumps. It is essential to have irrigation in regions that don’t get enough rain to sustain plant life on their own.

Early civilizations built dams, canals, and elaborate irrigation systems in pursuit of food production and agriculture. Nowadays, we rely on technology to offer similar benefits, but with less energy.

Surface irrigation has three subcategories including border, furrow and basin. It is a method of enclosing the field that is protected by levees to prevent water from draining. This technique is ideal for crops that are able to tolerate flooding, such as rice.

Surge flooding is an alternative of the traditional flood irrigation. This system uses gated pipe with solar or batteries powered controllers. The valves alternately allow water to flow into the field, then shut it off. This triggers waves of irrigation that reduce unwanted runoff.

The system can be used for many different crops. It is a great system for the sloped terrain. It is essential that the rate of inflow be sufficient to propel the water in a forward direction, yet not so that it is so large that it will remove the fertile soil. In addition, it must not cause waterlogging where the ground becomes saturated.